What Causes Aging Population Of Hong Kong And How Has It...

Geog 142 Population Geography Professor Goodwin-White Research Paper Louis Chu 17th May, 2015 What Causes Aging Population In Hong Kong and How Has It Affected Economics? Introduction Population ageing is a common social problem that occurs in well-developed countries. Population ageing refers the age of a region increase and a shift of a country’s population towards an older age. In this research paper, the content will mainly focus on the problem of ageing population in Hong Kong, my hometown. Based on current fertility and mortality rates, if Hong Kong Government does not do anything about its ageing problem it will have a median age of 56.3 years by 2040, according to the United Nations (Kong). I would analyze the serious impacts of population ageing on Hong Kong’s economics and propose some useful solutions. Causes of Aging Population The reason why population ageing occurs consists of two major reasons; low or declining birth rate and longer life expectancy. 1. Low or Declining Birth Rate The statistics shows that the average birth rate is dropped from 11.3% to 7.9% in Hong Kong from 2008 to 2013 (Statista). The reason of low birth rate is because of the increasing cost of raising a child. A. The price of land and food is shooting through the roof. Therefore, the cost of bringing up a kid is huge. Based on the research result, the price of raising up a child in today would approximately be $5.5 million until the date of graduation. (Chan) The adults are ratherShow MoreRelatedDisneyland Hong Kong8209 Words   |  33 PagesExecutive Summary Hong Kong Disneyland (Disney HK) is owned by Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited, a joint venture company with 57 percent shares from the Hong Kong Government and 43 percent shares from the Walt Disney Company. 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PeopleRead MoreEssay on INTERNATIONALIZATION OF KOYO JEANS4462 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ International Business Strategy INTERNATIONALIZATION OF KOYO JEANS FROM HONG KONG Contents Executive Summary i 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Background 2. Environmental Analysis (Current Markets) i. Microenvironment (Porter’s 5 Forces) 3 ii. PESTEL of Koyo Jeans (Currents Markets) 3 iii. Internal Factors 4 iv. Lifecycle Analysis – Current Markets 5 v. SWOT/TOWS AnalysisRead MoreManaging in a Global Economy9770 Words   |  40 PagesLong October, 2012 Table of content Hollister Co. 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Finally, anRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 Pagesits worst.† The well-known, sentimental Japanese attachment to Disney characters contrasted starkly with the unexpected and widespread French scorn for American fairy-tale characters. French culture has its own lovable cartoon characters such as Astà ©rix, the helmeted, pint-sized Gallic warrior, who has a theme park locate d near EuroDisney. Hostility among the French people to the whole â€Å"Disney idea† had surfaced early in the planning of the new project. Paris theater director Ariane Mnouchkine becameRead MoreCarrefour Case Study23561 Words   |  95 Pagesthe world. World population is rising, geographic distribution of populations is shifting, world population is aging rapidly, ethnic mixes in developed countries are changing rapidly, and average household incomes are increasing. The demographic environment presents both opportunities and threats for Carrefour. Increases in population size and household incomes help to expand the market in which Carrefour operates. However, changes in the geographic distribution of populations, due to technologicalRead MoreDevelopment and Globalisation Essay7740 Words   |  31 Pagesand Globalisation Development A process of social and economic advancement in terms of the quality of human life. Development can involve can involve economic, demographic, social political and cultural changes. Development is a term that can be used in many different contexts whether it is social, economical, political etc. However generally development refers to an improvement in certain areas: †¢ Economic o An increase in the country’s economy with a shift fromRead MoreCarrefour Case Study16000 Words   |  64 Pagesthe world. World population is rising, geographic distribution of populations is shifting, world population is aging rapidly, ethnic mixes in developed countries are changing rapidly, and average household incomes are increasing. †¢ The demographic environment presents both opportunities and threats for Carrefour. Increases in population size and household incomes help to expand the market in which Carrefour operates. 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Global Pollution Essay - 2115 Words

Pollution is a growing issue in the world and is the major cause that contributes to many environmental problems. What is usually classified as pollution, what kind of pollution is present in the world, and what the people are doing to deal with this pollution issue in the world. There are several problems with world pollution that are associated with global warming and include waste disposal, water pollution, and air pollution. These things are usually caused by people on the planet who produce waste. This has been a growing complication and is (omit) now been taken as a serious issue. Solutions to these situations have been considered to keep the Earth and all the things in it. One of the situations that are involved with world†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The problem of exposure to hazardous materials remains, except that it is spread over a wider area† (Newton). Illegal waste disposal is also another reason that contributes to world pollution. It may be defined as the improper disposal of waste at any site other than a regularly licensed landfill or other facility. Usually this kind of disposal is done because people are unaware of the law and are unwilling to take the time or refuse to pay the costs for properly disposing materials, or are in possession of toxic materials that may cause legal problems. (Watts) â€Å"Illegal waste dumping ranges from being a simple nuisance to a serious health hazard and often occur in isolated or desolate places. In the United States, illegal waste dumping is often thought of as a local problem; however, the motives and types of people who engage in it—including multinational corporations, criminal syndicates, and individuals—persist throughout the world† (Watts). The dangers of disposing of waste illegally are often unknown by some corporations or even ignored. By not getting rid of waste properly it encourages more dumping, so a small problem may rapidly become a major hazard. Another danger is the health risks posed by the type of material being discarded. Dangerous materials commonly dumped illegally include such medical wastes as used syringesShow MoreRelatedGlobal Pollution4546 Words   |  19 Pagesfour different forms of global pollution that may arise from a construction project and explain four key methods used to protect the natural environment against such pollutants Environmental Pollution Construction Sites Construction sites are found both within urban and rural areas, often in the close proximity of homes. Due to their proximity to homes and the materials used, construction sites may generate home pollution. This involves air, water, soil, and/or noise pollution. Additionally, constructionRead MoreGlobal Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1367 Words   |  6 Pagesadequate water to consume and air to breathe. At this rate, if we remain to neglect these issues of contamination, our world will only become barren. On the other hand, there is always a solution to a problem. Despite the serious effects our global pollution has had on not only the environment, but also the people, there is still enough time to change the damage we have done if our advancement in technology improves as well as our acknowledgement of the issue. In some places, much of our waterRead MoreReduce Global Nitrogen Pollution934 Words   |  4 Pagesa) Reduce global nitrogen pollution by forcing people to become vegetarian: It is a reasonable option for only focus on nitrogen pollution solutions. Since the huge amount of consumption of agriculture turning into domestic animal production, then to animal manure will disappear when people stop to require animal meat (According to the ‘Anthropogenic Nitrogen Flow chart). Although the largest nitrogen consumption occurs in plant production, but the overall performance is largely determined by theRead MoreResearch Essay On Global Pollution1172 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Essay on Global Pollution The global pollution is one of the major hazards human civilization is confronted with at present. Few issues in the history of mankind had such a pronounced and universal effect on the entire population of our planet, its environment, flora and fauna. Pollution is a problem that also needs to be analyzed and handled in terms of its perspectives in the future, both short- and long-term. Pollution is defined as the process and result of the introduction of foreignRead MoreIssues of Global Warming and Industrial Pollution1559 Words   |  7 Pageshuman rights, health and environmental protection have expanded considerably in the past several decades. In response, the international community has created a vast array of international legal instruments, specialized organs, and agencies at the global and regional levels to respond to identified problems in each of the three areas. Often these have seemed to develop in isolation from one another. Yet the links between human rights, health and environmental protection were apparent at least fromRead MoreAir Pollution and Global Warming - Summary1696 Words   |  7 PagesAir Pollution and Global Warming SCI 275 Cheryl Wilson September 30, 2012 Tori Robinson Air pollution causes global warming through the greenhouse effect, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases trap and heat energy from the sun and prevent it from escaping Earths atmosphere and entering space.† (EPA, 2012) Atmospheric pollutions are caused by gasses and solid particulates released into the atmosphere. 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Studies on global warming provide evidence such as, â€Å"Over 100 years the average temperature near the earth’s surface has risen less than 1 degree Celsius† (Lindinger, Karin). For many people in society it is hard to notice the slight changes in the weather. EverydayRead MoreTransportation Pollution and Global Warming an Article by Nadeine Unger779 Words   |  3 PagesNowadays, driving has become a part of our lives and culture. However, this culture has also caused us a lot of problems such as traffic congestion, oil consumption, and pollution. For some people, they need cars because it is a personal transportation, and public transportation is not convenient enough. Although my friends and roommates live so close to the school, they love to drive to school because they do not believe the bus schedule. In the artlice â€Å"Drowsy Driving – Stay Alert, Arrive Alive†(drowsydriving

Jimmy Essay Example For Students

Jimmy Essay Jimmy lay flat on the ground, his belly pressed tightly to the earth. Green shrubs sheltered him from view. Only one hundred yards of clearedland sat between him and his objective. He had waited five years for this. It so happened that it was five years ago from today that it had happened. The nightmare that had taken place that evening was again playing in hismind. The sound of the first shot echoed through his head. The scream ashis mother fell. The futile, retaliatory shots from his father . . . That evening had resulted in the death of both of his parents. Hecouldnt help but think that, in some way, it was his fault. If only hehadnt left his parents alone. If only he hadnt gone to explore thewoods. If only hed thought to bring a gun with him. If only he hadntjust stood there watching from the protection of the trees as those lethalbullets found their way into his parents. Then, maybe then, things wouldhave been different. Jimmy couldnt really blame himself. After all, whatcould a fifteen year old boy be expected to do under those circumstances?His parents had dreamed of a better life. A life that would bringprosperity and success for the family, specifically for him. They hadheard there was rich, fertile land out west. Sadly enough, his parentslast breaths were drawn only a few hundred miles from their dream. Theyhad been murdered for nothing more than the few dollars and a couple ofsmall pieces of jewelry that they had possessed. The murderers had laughedas they kicked at his dead father, looking for anything of value. They hadbeen quite sure of themselves and wore no masks. Jimmy could stillremember their faces as if it was yesterday. The murderers would bebrought to justice, come hell or high water, Jimmy had decided. As itturned out, he was complied to track them for the past five years, throughboth hell and high water. Their trail had led through many obscure, sparsely populated westerntowns. It had not been easy. But Jimmy had always looked older than hewas. Even at fifteen, he had been able to get rooms at hotels and bars. Now, at twenty years of age, Jimmy was a hardened man. Life on the roadhad been rough. It had taught him definite proficiency with his revolverand not to be afraid to use it. He had been through it all now,gunslingers, murderers, drunks, prostitutes, you name it, hed been there. The stress showed on his face though his tangled beard concealed most ofit. The only clothes that he owned, he wore. They consisted quite simplyof a pair of jeans, a plaid shirt, a black belt and a Stetson. Other thanhis horse and his highly polished revolvers and his rifle, these were hissole possessions. A shadow stirred in the window and Jimmy forced the memories into theback of his mind. His parents death would soon be avenged. There wereonly several hours until complete darkness would conceal his approach. Jimmy began to plan his invasion. Drunken voices were raised in the cabin. Good, thought Jimmy, They should be intoxicated enough that theyllnever know what hit them. With this for assurance, Jimmy closed his eyesslowly and rested, anticipating the nights conclusion. The sound of a plate breaking and the sounds of knuckles meeting fleshwoke Jimmy with a start. A quick surveillance of the property assuredJimmy that nothing special was happening. He had often seen two bestfriends fight when they were drunk. Liquor had that effect on people. Itmade them do crazy things. That was essentially why he tried to stay awayfrom the stuff. He was wished that hed brought some along tonight though. .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .postImageUrl , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:hover , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:visited , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:active { border:0!important; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:active , .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5cca3d0cdd0a9f80b79b539e4d4c4dfd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Difficult Decision EssayJust then he was getting a little queasy about the whole affair. During thepast five years there had never been any doubt what he had to do. Now . . . There is no question of what I have to do, Jimmy convinced himself. It was time. The only light source in the area was that coming fromthe lamp on the table in the cabin. His revolver slid out of its holstersilently. Jimmy crept up to the door, staying carefully to the shadows. One deep breath of conviction and a swift, strong kick knocked the door offits hinges. He tensed, ready to fire at the first sign of movement orlife. The air in the cabin hung thick with smoke from the fireplace. Jimmy quickly surveyed the cabin. Signs of a struggle were everywhere. Suddenly his eyes came to rest on two motionless bodies lying on top ofeach other on the floor. Jimmy kicked at the man on top, much like the manhad done to his father. The difference here being that it was not Jimmysweapon that had ended this criminals life. The kick separated the twobodies, revealing a knife in each mans heart. Whether the second man had committed suicide after realizing that hehad killed the first or whether both men had plunged the knives into eachothers bodies at the same time, Jimmy would never know. His five yearnightmare was over.

The Success of Dell Company

Introduction Dell inc. is a corporation that deals in and supplies information technology products and services. Their main products include personal computers; servers and other assorted computer hardware. They have been a major player in the industry for decades.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Success of Dell Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More High definition TVs, printers, cameras and mobile music players are among new products at Dell inc. Dell inc. was largest seller of personal computers in the 1980s and 1990s and in 2009 was ranked third in computer sales with only Hewlett-Packard and Acer Inc doing better than Dell. Dell inc. was in 2006 ranked by Fortune magazine as one of the best companies in the United States. Dell has also been recognized as one of the few companies that have done better than their main competitors in the industry for years (Economic Times, 2010). Scope and brands Dell inc. has a marketing strategy that entails marketing particular brands for specific market segments. It has different classes for these markets; Business/Corporate class, Home Office/Consumer class, Peripherals class and service and support brands are the main classes. The Business/Corporate class targets large clients like corporations. Long life cycles, reliability and serviceability are where most focus is laid upon in this package. The products under this class include OptiPlex, Vostro Latitude, n Series, PowerEdge, PowerVault, PowerConnect and EqualLogic. OptiPlex handles desktop computers while Vostro is designed for small business computer solutions and mini computers. N series on the other hand are desk top and notebook computers delivered with Linux or freeDOS (Menchaca, 2008). Latitude covers business focused notebooks. PowerEdge are business servers and PowerConnect for network switches. The Home Office/Consumer class targets the ordinary PC (personal computer) user s. Good value, excellent performance and expandability are emphasized in this class to ensure customer loyalty. The brands in this class include Inspiron, Studio, Studio XPS, XPS, Alienware and Adamo. Inspiron are budget PCs and mini computers, Studio brand is for mainstream PCs and portable computers, XPS are top notch desktop and mini computers, Studio XPS are PCs designed to meet top notch multimedia requirements, Alienware was dedicated to bringing the gaming experience to a whole new level by allowing excellent gaming options. Adamo on the other hand is a brand of laptops designed for the sophisticated class of clients as a luxury laptop computer.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The peripheral class includes the accessories department that produces USB drives, plasma TVs, and output display screens. Dell also has a brand of high end monitors under ultrashap. De ll like any company has plenty of competition. Other major market players include HP, IBM, Apple, Samsung, Gateway, Acer, Sony and Toshiba. They compete mainly for the PC and server market. Dell has about 18 percent of the market share. Hewlett Packard on the other hand has 15 percent of the market. In the year 2006 Hewlett Packard took the lead in the PC business from Dell. Dell grew by 3.6% in 2006 in while HP went by 15% during the 2006 period. Gartner and IDC in 2006 indicated that HP had exported a lot more units around the globe than Dell. In the fourth quarter of 2006, Gartner again estimated that Dell exports had gone down 8.9% while HP’s had grown by 39.9%. By the end of the year Dell’s market share was at 13.9 % in comparison to HPs 17.4 % (Bert Seggewiss, 2008). IDC reports indicated that Dell had gone down in terms of market share than all of its competitors. Its share of the server market had declined to 8.1 % from 9.5% the previous year. Dell has made se veral acquisitions over the years in a bid to tap new markets and improve business. As of the year 2009, Dell had acquired in excess of 10 companies. ConvergeNet was the first company acquired by Dell. In 1999, Dell acquired Alienware which is a company that specializes in manufacturing desktop computers. This was then absorbed into Dell’s department of high end product lines. Some new products introduced by Dell upon its acquisition of Alienwares were the introduction of a unit to produce CPUs for Dell. Previously, Dell’s CPUs had been obtained from Intel. Alienware is run by Dell but as an entirely separate entity (Lee, 2006). This is the strategy employed by Dell to prevent cross market products. EqualLogic was acquired by Dell in 2008.This decision was arrived at to ensure that they remain competitive in the iSCSI storage market because this coupled with an efficient and already established manufacturing line brought down the cost of production (Gonsalves, 2007).Pe rot systems; a company that deals with application development, information technology solutions a business process outsourcing was also acquired by Dell further diversifying its services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Success of Dell Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More HP is clearly Dells most fierce competitor. It is a company that offers similar products including printers, scanners, digital cameras, calculators, PDAs, servers, workstation computers and computers. Hp became particularly competitive after its merger with PC giants Compaq. It now prides itself as a company that not only supplies software but also offers solutions in design and support of IT infrastructure. IPG is part of HP and deals with imaging and printing. It is worth noting that it is the biggest player in printer related products and scanning devices in the world. IPG is unique because it not only offers solutions to c orporation but also to individual consumers. This has earned the company a large and loyal client base all over the world. Inkjet and laser jet printers are some of the products associated with IPG. Multifunction machines that allow the user to print, photocopy and scan are also part of IPGs products. In any industry there are barriers of entry. These barriers reduce the number of new companies joining the industry and ensure that the existing companies enjoy a good market share. Barriers could be circumstantial or sometimes calculated. Government regulations, economic factors and market conditions are some of the things that form entry barriers. In the information technology field, the barriers that are most likely to bar new entrants include very tough competition from the industry giants who have been there for a long time. These giants are also very rich corporations and a new entrant would be no match for them in terms of marketing budgets. Top brands also have the advantage of name recognition and customers are more likely to buy what they have heard about. It would be very difficult for a new PC company to produce equipment and try to sell is to clients who have been loyal to another brand. The pricing of the PC could also be a factor to consider because of the tight competition. Personal computers and small components sell at very low price margins. A new entrant would have to have the capital and capacity at to produce the product in very large quantities and at a low cost in order for them to make enough profit to keep them afloat. The PC industry is probably one that experiences the most frequent and dramatic price fluctuations. Normally the prices go down and this would be devastating for a new entrant if they go down so rapidly upon the new company’s launch. Conclusion The success of Dell as a company can be attributed to consistency in the production of high quality products in every field. Dell has developed a brand name that is synonymou s to good quality and has a large following of loyal customers.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brand loyalty has been a key selling factor for Dell like most of its top competitors. The diversity in its products is also another good marketing strategy used by dell. USB drives, LCD TV sets, plasma TVs, projectors and monitors are some products produced by Dell in addition to its main products; computers and servers. As discussed above, Dell targets specific markets for particular products. This in my opinion has helped them relate and interact better with their different markets making them a brand anyone would like to be associated to. The tight competition in the market has ensured innovation in every area both in terms of new features and cost reduction. Dell has come a long way as a top brand and with the recent acquisitions is bound to soar to great heights despite the fact that it lost its leadership in the server supply market. References Dell will offer U.S customers three different systems with Ubuntu 7.04 installed: the XPS 410n and Dimension E520n desktops and the I nspiron E1505n notebook. Economic Times. Retrieved from Worldwide PC shipments jump 15.8% in Q4: IDC (cmd). Web. Gonsalves, A., (2007). Dell’s EqualLogic Buy Could Drive Down iSCSI Storage Prices. InformationWeek. United Business Media. Web. Lee, L., (2006). Dell Goes High-end and Hip. BusinessWeek. McGraw-Hill. Web. Menchaca, L., (2008). Dell Offers Three Consumer Systems With Ubuntu 7.04. Direct2Dell blog. Web. Seggewiss, K., Hill, B., (2008). The Dell dream dies. The Ottawa Citizen. Web. This research paper on The Success of Dell Company was written and submitted by user Eden Kerr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Triad of the Greek Thinkers essays

Triad of the Greek Thinkers essays An unexpected cause happened after the Persian Wars: the Greek flood of new ideas. When the war ended, religious beliefs declined and caused more people to ignore the traditional explanations of the world of nature. The Greeks were dissatisfied with supernatural and mythical explanations of reality and began questioning their destiny. This is when philosophy arose. The Greek philosophy may not only of effected us directly, but the Greeks paved the way to modern development. They gave us knowledge from the field of math through Pythagoras and his theorem on the right triangle, and science through Aristotles study of biology, and Democritus study of atoms. However some philosophies may seem incapable, but Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates changed the way people think. These three Greek philosophers questioned the most basic and widely accepted ideas based on virtue and moral excellence. The first of the Hellenic philosophers was Socrates, the revolutionary thinker. Although Socrates opposed everything the Sophists stood for, he shared the rejection of philosophizing about nature, focus on human problems, and desire to empower individuals to make their own moral choices. As curious as he was, Socrates was always questioning what things are and searching for definitions. He would ask people such questions as what is friendship?, what is justice?. By asking these questions people became annoyed, but Socrates was not just looking for the definition but also the essence to understand the knowledge of the world (History P39). Socrates core of ethics was virtue. Its the deepest and most basic propensity of man. And virtue is knowledge (History P40). A famous statement of Socrates was a bad man is a bad man through ignorance (History P40). This means a person who knows the truth will not commit evil deeds and those who do wrong, do so out of ignorance. ...

Free sample - The Pros and Cons of Video Games. translation missing

The Pros and Cons of Video Games. The Pros and Cons of Video GamesThe world of electronic gaming has undergone radical transformation since it was conceived more than two decades ago. At the beginning, games like Super Mario Brothers, and Pong were just childish, enjoyable, and essentially harmless. However, today, video gaming has become a thriving industry that has a wide range of customers, spanning various ages, genders, nationalities, and moral beliefs. Just like books, television, and movies, some video games are aiming at the older audience through the use of violence, sex, and adult content. Despite the existence of a rating system and recognition for people wishing to purchase adult video games, some politicians and parents claim that video games have a hugely negative impact on the young generation. In efforts to locate the blame about the content of video games, politicians and developers alike seem to have forgotten that parents have a responsibility to make decisions on the type of material that is suitable for their children. Farrales observes that Video game content appears to have become an issue for the first time when Mortal Kombat was released in 1993 (12). Many parents complained the high degree of violence evident in the graphic depictions of blood, fighting, and death. The ESRB (Electronic Software Ratings Board) was formed by the Entertainment Software Association with the aim of coming up with a rating system for monitoring the content of video games. Fernandez indicates that video games stand accused of bringing about violence, obesity, and lousy grades (3). However, some people beg to differ, pointing out that the games are ideal for children’s mental well being. Video games are not just hard, they are adaptively hard. The games tend to challenge the players at the edge of their mental abilities. As players become better and score higher points, they are challenged to move up the ladder of more demanding play levels. This adaptive challenge can be stunningly powerful in the case of entertaining video games. Scientists point out to the importance of video games in ascertaining the extent to which the human brain is malleable. In this regard, fast-paced video games that are action-packed have been proven, in different studies, to boost spatial perception, visual acuity and the ability to pick out objects easily in a scene. Complex games that are strategy-based can significantly improve many cognitive skills, including reasoning and memory. These findings fit in well with the scientists’ increasing understanding of the malleability of the human brain. Researchers are now aware of the way in which practicing and learning an extremely challenging task can change the human brain. The question of generalizing gaming situations to non-game situations remains one of the main issues that surround many emerging game software being marketed as a way of keeping the human neurons spry as we continue to age. It is still unclear whether these games are helpful in situations that are outside the context of the game. However, in a promising study carried out in 2008, senior citizens who began playing Rise of Nations, a game devoted to nation building and acquisition of territory, started improving on many cognitive abilities, thereby performing impressively on various subsequent tests of memory, multitasking, and reasoning. The tests were administered after training was carried out for eight months. Unfortunately, no follow-up testing was carried out to determine whether the gains lasted or not. There are attempts by researchers to concentrate on the most crucial aspects of off-the-shelf games, potentially allowing designers to come up with many new games that can boost the human brain power. In the same light, there has also been some focus on determining how video games can be used to promote socially acceptable behaviors, particularly actions that can be of help to other people. Unlike, say books and movies, video games do not just have content, they are also defined by rules that are clearly stipulated. In every video game, certain actions are rewarded while others are punished. For this reason, they contain an immense potential to train children about values and ethics. However, the same games could also be used to reward antisocial behavior just as easily as the pro social behavior. A significant number of off-the-shelf games contain strong pro-social themes, for instance, the Oregon Trail or The Sims. These two video games make the players fully responsible for the well being of each other. A big challenge for developers of new games will be to figure out ways of wrapping virtuous features into a highly engaging package. Ultimately, quips Gallagher, every video game should be an entertaining experience (2). On the other hand, it is true that some of the most popular video games are the violent ones. The reason why the market is flooded with violent games is that violence sells. People enjoy action-packed violent games most. It is rarely a matter of contention whether a game is violent or not. The contention arises regarding how violent the games actually are. In an interview with Dr. Craig Anderson, a leader in the current research on the various effects of prolonged exposure to violent computer and video games on aggressive behavior, the General Aggression Model was discussed at length. Dr. Anderson pointed out that he was motivated to research about aggression in video games by the work he did on the model as well as on media violence literature. Dr. Anderson pointed out that although there were hundreds of studies on aggression and violent video games, many questions remained unanswered. Students were looking for compelling and publishable research topics, and in this way, they were able to come up with many gaps in the literature. In the beginning, Dr. Anderson looked at priming issues in the context of media violence effects. However, after debating with cognitive psychologists, the researcher thought about modifying the Stroop test, although he chose to adopt reading reaction time tasks among participants. Dr. Anderson pointed out that many researchers in the media violence generally think that everyone who is high on trait aggression is influenced more by exposure to media violence than by anything else. In other words, the conviction among many scholars is that highly aggressive people are the ones who are most susceptible to the video games’ harmful effects. In the early years of video gaming, violence used to be cartoonish. In games such as Space Invaders and Wonder Boy, when a player killed an enemy, this would be shown by the unfortunate subject disappearing in a small explosion or a cloud of smoke and debris. At the time and with the technology that was current, these games were considered violent. Today, with improvements in technology, people no longer disappear in a cloud of smoke and debris. Today, enemies have to bleed before they die. The grotesque image of the corpse also has to appear, complete with a gunshot wound. A game such as Metal Gear Solid 2 portrays enemies performing elaborate maneuvers when a player shoots them. It is always thoroughly entertaining to shoot them at the limbs and to see them go limp, or to shoot at their radio, rendering it useless. Some people say that what has increased is the level of realism and not violence, since the aim has always been to shoot and kill anything that comes in one’s way. However, this very aspect of realism makes some forms of violence appear acceptable, for example, in Wonder Boy, and others unacceptable, for example, in Metal Gear Solid 2. Yet others do not notice any difference in various types of violence, insisting that violence of whatever nature brings about the same effect on society. Farrales highlights the views of General Everett Koop, a U.S. surgeon, who once claimed that home and arcade video games are among the top three reasons where there is family violence (4). There are many instances that would perfectly make Koop’s statement on the negative impact violent video games on behavior agreeable. However, there are also many instances that portray violence as having little or no any negative effects on the individuals playing them. Some kids play video games and end up becoming violent people. Others play them but do not become increasingly aggressive. These varying outcomes make it difficult for the effects of video violence on all players to be determined accurately. Meanwhile, the most undesirable aspects of violence in video games include lack of punishment for killing, constant killing and hurting of other people, and perpetual justification for killing other people. This situation makes players to start accepting killing as an acceptable means of solving problems. They are also made to believe that there is nothing wrong with violence. In other words, violence is desensitized, and players start seeing human beings as mere objects rather than human beings, thus drastically lowering their empathy levels. Of course older players can differentiate between fantasy and reality, but children cannot. Surprisingly, argues Anthes, these older people are affected by video games as well, though not in the same way as kids. Among kids, the violence contained in video games leads to increase in aggression. A common effect of video games is to make players developed abnormally high adrenaline rates, which may result to hyper-aggressiveness together with the symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder. Increase in adrenaline rates leads to stimulus addiction, a common response among children who are often immersed in violent video games. People who suffer from stimulus addiction require stimulation that is increasingly strong in order to attain the same emotional experience. Sometimes, this search for stimulation leads them so go looking for more violent video games. Meanwhile, the question of whether video games result in violence in the real world remains unanswered. Many parents are worried that violent games will not only bring about restlessness in their children, they will make them more violent their behavior as well. Farrales points out to the research that was done in 1998 on a group of children aged between 5 and 7 years (9). In this study, the children were observed to imitate during free play whatever they had experienced in video games. Children who had played games with violent themes were aggressive, while those who played active, nonviolent games reflected their experiences in their play. The level of stimulation in both cases appeared to be more profound in girls than in boys. This could be because, generally, males are exposed to violence more, making a significant increase in aggression to be more profound in females. Unlike TV or movies, which present a predominantly passive viewing experience, violent video games require an individual to shoot, stab, rob, and kill enemies actively. With a movie, even if one was to watch it several times, some additional details may be obtained but it is fundamentally about the same thing. With a video game, many things can be changed according to one’s way of thinking, level of play, and dexterity in pressing the control buttons. Fernandez points out that Cho Seung-Hui, a student who killed 32 people at the Virginia Tech Campus back in 2007, is reported to have been played video games obsessively, and many commentators have been instinctively linking game violence with the killings in the campus. Claims of Cho Seung-Hui’s stint with obsessive video games were debunked by the campus panel that investigated the killings. The obvious problem with the desensitization claim made on video games after the Virginia Tec incident is that millions of adults and kids play violent video games every day and they never engage in any violent behavior. In fact, during the past decade when video games have surged in popularity, violence by youth has declined. According to a study that the Center for Disease Control and Prevention released, the number of school killings reduced considerably between 1992 and 2006. However, this is not where the debate ends. Although video games may not directly result in school shootings, it is undoubtedly strongly linked with aggressive feelings. Those who are opposed to computer and video games would want to see them censored. These people cite many reasons for their stance. They insist that over-dependence on video games fosters social isolation, since in some cases the games are played alone. They also point out that women are portrayed as the weaker sex, sexually provocative and always helpless. Moreover, game environments are always based on gender bias, aggression and plots of violence. Additionally, video games have inspired criticism because of the way in which they fail to provide actions that require creativity and independent thought. Instead, they confuse fantasy with reality. In most of these games, there is no alternative route to winning other than being a violent player. Furthermore, not surprisingly, academic achievement tends to be negatively related to the overall time that is spent playing computer and video games. Anand indicates that there is a correlation between use of video games and academic performance, if the grade-point average (GPA) and scholastic aptitude tests (SAT) on students who use video game are anything to go by (555). According to Anand’s study, there is a negative correlation between the time spent by student playing video games and the student’s SAT and GPA scores. The research findings presented by Anand suggest that video and computer games could be having a detrimental effect on the GPA of the individual, and possibly, on SAT scores as well. Although the results portray statistical dependence, it still remains rather difficult to prove a cause-and-effect relationship. This difficulty arises from the complex nature of academic performance as well as student life. In a New York Times article published on the November 15, 2010 edition, the question of whether stores should sell violent video games to minors was raised. Indeed, the question was not of the article writer’s own making, it was being debated by the Supreme Court in an attempt to determine what the writers of the Bill of Rights would have thought about a violent video game like Postal 2. In the New York Times Article, Adam Liptak wrote that the justices struggled to define the manner in which the First Amendment ought to apply to video games. A suggestion was made on the imposition of a $1,000 fine on all stores that continue to sell violent video comes to minors. The violence in the computer games, according to the Supreme Court, is characterized by acts of killing, dismembering, maiming, and sexually assaulting a human being’s image, in a manner that is ‘patently offensive, lacks serious artistic, scientific, political or literary value’, and appeals to the deviant and morbid interests of minors. In summary, the cons of video games by far outweigh the pros. There is a need for these games to be regulated, particularly with regard to access by minors. The regulation standards imposed by the ESRB should be revised to reflect the need to protect children and students from being lured into the world of aggressive video games.       Anand, Vivek. â€Å"A Study of Time Management: The Correlation between Video Game Usage and Academic Performance Markers†, CyberPsychology Behavior, 10.4(2007): 552-559. Anthes, Emily. â€Å"How video games are good for the brain.† The Boston Globe, NY Times Co., 12 Oct. 2009. Web. 18 Oct. 2010 Farrales, Bernard. â€Å"Violence in Video Games.† Violence in Video Games,   N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2010 Fernandez, Alvaro. â€Å"Playing the Blame Game: Video Games Pros and Cons.† SharpBrains, SharpBrains, 26 Sept. 2008. Web. 18 Oct. 2010 Gallagher, Richard. â€Å"Video Games: Cons and Pros.† Education.com. NYU Child Study Center, n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. National Society Honor in Psychology, Sarah Howe, Jennifer Stigge, and Brooke Sixta interview with Dr. Craig Anderson: Video Game Violence, Web, (n.d) The New York Times, Should Stores Sell Violent Video Games to Minors? November 15, 2010.

Details are below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Details are below - Essay Example The article begins by stating the essential skills that a nurse should possess to make the patients comfortable while answering the questions posed by the nurse. According to the article a nurse who possesses good communication skills can make the process of taking the patient history more constructive. The article guides a nurse through the entire of process of taking patient history, by providing details about the manner of approach that should be followed by the nurse. For taking an accurate history of the patient, it is vital that the nurse is proficient in communication skills. â€Å"The nurse should be able to gather information in a systematic, sensitive and professional manner. Good communication skills are essential.† (Lloyd, 2007). And it is the development of these communication skills that is discussed in the article. The article also aids a nurse to communicate efficiently with the patients, by providing the kind of approach that the nurse should adopt while deali ng with the patients. â€Å"Practitioners should avoid the use of technical terms or jargon and, whenever possible, use the patient’s own words†. (Lloyd, 2007). When the patient is comforted by the approach of the nurse, he/she will not be hesitant to disclose the information needed by the nurse. The article also presents the requirement of obtaining the consent of the patient and the necessity of this procedure. It also mentions the various methods through which the consent of the patient can be acquired. The process of taking the history of the patient is divided into various sections. And the course of action that should be followed in each part by the nurse is presented in the article. In the article, the author has suggested some questions that can help the nurse in starting the process of taking of patient history. It also provides the details of the